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HEIGHT AND DEPTH MEASUREMENT

The height of objects and the depth of holes, slots etc, are measured by the height gauge and depth gauge respectively. A dial gauge is often used in conjunction with these instruments to improve measurement accuracy. The height gauge effectively consists of a vernier caliper mounted on a flat base. Measurement inaccuracy levels down to ±0.015% are possible.
The depth gauge is a further variation on the standard vernier caliper principle that has the same measurement accuracy capabilities as the height gauge. The depth gauge is placed on the part in such a manner so that one or both of the flanges of the vernier base are setting completely flat on the part. The rule, or bar, is then extended down to contact a lower surface. Fine adjustment is accomplished as with a caliper – the instrument is held in place with one hand while the operator clamps the fine adjustment screw and then adjusts the bar up or down so that the vernier head and rule are both contacting their appropriate surfaces. The vernier head is then clamped to maintain correct reading, and the instrument is extracted from the previous position and the measurement read. These instruments are also available with digital electronic readouts.
In practice, certain difficulties can arise in the use of these instruments where either the base of the instrument is not properly located on the measuring table or where the point of contact between the moving anvil and the workpiece is unclear. In such cases, a dial gauge, which has a clearly defined point of contact with the measured object, is used in conjunction with the height or depth gauge to avoid these possible sources of error. These instruments can also be obtained in intelligent versions that give a digital display and have self-calibration capabilities.
The dial gauge consists of a spring-loaded probe that drives a pointer around a circular scale via rack and pinion gearing. Typical measurement resolution is 0.01mm. When used to measure the height of objects, it is clamped in a retort stand and a measurement taken of the height of the unknown component. Then it is put in contact with a height gauge that is adjusted until the reading on the dial gauge is the same.