Other photographic image forming techniques.

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Besides the camera,other methods of forming images with light are available. For instance, a photocopy or xerography machine forms permanent images but uses the transfer of static electrical charges rather than photographic film, hence the term electrophotography Photograms are images produced by the shadows of objects cast on the photographic paper, without the use of a camera. Objects can also be placed directly on the glass of an image scanner to produce.


Social and Cultural Implications of Photography.
There are many ongoing questions about different aspects of photography. In her writing *On Photography* (1977) Susan Sontag discussed concerns about the objectivity of photography. This is a highly debated subject within the photographic community (bissell, 2000). It has been concluded that photography is a subjective discipline “to photograph is to appropriate the thing means on to the World that feels like knowledge, and therefore like power” (Sontag, 1977: р4) Photographers decide what to take a Photo of, what elements to exclude and what angle to frame the photo. Along with the context that a photograph is received in, photography is definitely a subjective form.
There are many concerns about the effects of modern photography on society. Suggestions have been made that the wide dispersion of cameras in society today is ushering in a surveillance society (campbell & Carlson, 2002) As Sontag writes, photography is a “ predatory weapon “ especially when considered in terms of closed circuit cameras or the availability of mobile phone cameras.
Photography is one of the new media forms that changes perception and changes the structure of society (levinson, 1997).
Further unease has been caused around cameras in regards to desensitization. Fears that disturbing or explicit images are widely accessible to children and society at large have been raised. Particularly, photos of war and pornography are causing a stir. (Sontag). Sontag is concerned « that to photograph is to turn people into objects that can be symbolically possessed» Desensitization discussion goes hand in hand with debates about censored images. Sontag writes of her concern that the ability to censor pictures means the photographer has the ability to construct reality.